0000117691 00000 n Shepherds worked in pairs, armed, as if in an enemys country, to resist them; and it was 1843 that ended by wholesale destruction, the massacres at Warrigal Creek and Bundalaguah Swamp, where only one aboriginal was left to tell the story of how they died and the history of his race.[61]. One was a boy at the time about 12 or 14 years old. stream [citation needed] The group of Gaelic-speaking Scotsmen was known as the "Highland Brigade". However, the region was isolated from the rest of New South Wales by mountains, rivers, forests, swamps and the fierce reputation of the Kurnai. 0001021671 00000 n As fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot.. Before declaring Hoddinotts tale to be completely reliable, it would have been prudent to analyse its contents. xref Gardner claimed in June 2020 that Meyrick gave a death toll of about 150 for Warrigal Creek, which he did not. McMillan is mentioned once by Gippslander, where he is supposed to have caught Macalisters horse on the road to Sale (which did not exist then). %PDF-1.4 % 0000001936 00000 n [1], The estimates of numbers of deaths vary: some historical accounts say that 60 people were killed,[citation needed] while other sources suggest that up to 150 people may have been killed. During this time he collected information for stories that were published in the magazine Austral Light. Elizabeth Balderstone leads a lifestyle that many city dwellers fantasise about, on a farm in Victorias Gippsland, surrounded by friendly sheep, with a humble little creek just 60 metres from her house. Some basic research puts Hatchers account into context. [56] These accounts nonetheless provide evidence of the otherwise unrecorded conflict between the Europeans and the Kurnai at places such as Bruthen Creek. ]V)cxN:*e%{ZXi8C -[Y1d-ZZ. Bell stated: The historic pen of Victorian settlement would paint with truth the horrors of many a scene of Gipps Land life; it was in 1843 that the aggressions of the blacks were so frequent. Beyond this, the subject needs a complete reassessment and the instilling of some academic rigour. [25], Tyers noted that the Kurnai were geographically isolated from all of the neighbouring Aboriginal tribes, none of whom could understand their language, and From this circumstance, the Chief Protector [Robinson] on his visit to Gipps Land last year, was unsuccessful in his attempts to communicate with them. The isolation from the other tribes meant that their fierce and predatory habits have received no check.[26]. Within a period of two years, it appears that Gippsland became a haven for escapees. He was shot through the foot and was so injured that he was called Club Foot.[39]. Bookings free, but essential. 0000001766 00000 n The history of early Gippsland will invariably include many intersecting and conflicting narratives. From 1839, Angus McMillan tried on numerous occasions to reach Corner Inlet from the Monaro District and finally succeeded in February 1841 when he reached the tidal bank of the Albert River. *OAQg( n}wWdcKuYl7nfTTYP0|8o6rlBUb[O>03v-Jg1]sng~f5!M .]e?n? When Angus McMillian and the Highland Brigade rode through Gippsland in 1843, they aimed to murder as many Gunai Kurnai children, women and men as they could. Men, women and children are shot whenever they can be met with I have protested against it at every station I have been in Gippsland, in the strongest language, but these things are kept very secret as the penalty would certainly be hanging. Ranald Macalister was the nephew of Lachlan Macalister and the fifth European to be murdered by the Kurnai. Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. 3 0 obj endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Metadata 5 0 R/PageLabels 2 0 R/Pages 4 0 R/StructTreeRoot 7 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 93 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>>>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 94 0 obj [95 0 R 96 0 R] endobj 95 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/H/O/Rect[243.918 110.871 393.795 129.239]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 96 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/H/O/Rect[262.285 160.096 431.264 175.524]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 97 0 obj <> endobj 98 0 obj [/Indexed/DeviceCMYK 244 110 0 R] endobj 99 0 obj [/ICCBased 111 0 R] endobj 100 0 obj <>stream Advice: This page does not contain images of people who have died. The aim of this article is to examine Gardners interpretation of the Warrigal Creek massacre story and his accusations against McMillan. The men were easy prey for the Kurnai and by mid-1843, four had been murdered. The stories were republished as The Book of the Bush in 1898. [33] His work was cited widely in a motion to remove monuments to McMillan put before the Wellington Shire Council in June 2020. [40] Gippslander (1925) Experiences with Gippsland blacks, The Gap, Education Department, Bairnsdale Inspectorate, Omeo, pp 5-6. His alleged role in the massacre is a construct entirely of Gardners own making, where he attached McMillans name to the Gippslander story without revealing this to his readers. 29 May 2018. But I wish to look forward, unimpeded by SJWs. 0000007199 00000 n To implicate McMillan, Gardner imputed words and meaning into this story that are simply not there, rendering his narrative both perplexing and questionable. In March 1840, twenty Bunurong men from Westernport escaped the supervision of Assistant Protector William Thomas to undertake a raid into Gippsland. Frustrated with the hidden history of the massacre, the makers of this 50-minute documentary sought oral histories and combed through archival works to capture and relay the truth of Australias violent past. Elizabeth Balderstone stands next to Warrigal Creek on her farm in Victoria the site of an 1843 massacre. The creek is on a farm 40 kilometres (25mi) south of Sale, and 200 kilometres (120mi) east of Melbourne, in the South Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia. endobj To those who came by jet plane yesterday. Their submission was denied; McMillan was renamed the Monash electorate instead. If a historical narrative is to be used as the basis for debate or action in the public sphere, it should be grounded in non-partisan, objective research and analysis. He also claimed this appeared to be part of a cover-up due to the arrival of Tyers or Robinson. 2 0 obj 0000003656 00000 n In other parts of the District, prior to my arrival, they had occasionally come into collision with the Settlersthe consequence of which was the murder of four shepherdsand as far as I can learn without any provocationthey have also committed, and are still committing, many depredations on the stock of the Settlerswhich from the nature of the country, and the known fact of their carrying on their depredations at night, it is difficult to prevent. Many people accept the massacre as a matter of fact, as a truism. The mainland squatters wanted a share of this market and the Van Diemens Land butchers with Commissariat contracts needed to obtain livestock at the lowest price possible. His body was mutilated and stripped, and it was found the next day by an Aboriginal boy in his employment. Facebook. Like Dunderdale and Thomas, he did not mention a mythical Highland Brigade and he was clearly not constrained by Gardners imaginary secrecy. 0000003620 00000 n endobj In the spirit of this year's NAIDOC theme Voice.Treaty.Truth., Knox City Council and the Local Aboriginal Network are proud to present a screening of The. The other forty-six convicts were employed on the squatting runs. One might assume that Balderstone was blissfully unaware of this when she moved to the farm in 1974, but she explains she knew about Warrigal Creek from the beginning. Please note and use or adapt the following words. trailer He recorded that there were fifty-five Prisoners of the Crown in Gippsland, nine of whom were in government service. 5|ya"R=:(O)Y?vM=u(f!ygaR@Dfx*qVhCqE CML@Ishk4 C&YE$A9M#~gyHN#,H^(eC:Z;o=ni!|"V?bx6c49Y+b FyELe_`GGWy&2SpKeQPZY4)OEe 2151 Please call Drouin Library for more information 56 251564. Coincidentally or not, the Australasian newspaper published stories between 1923 and 1925 with a one-eyed Aboriginal character named Bing-eye; the term club foot was ubiquitous. Purchase tickets, He was accompanied by George Henry Haydon, who published an account of their journey, which is also well known. <> Truth-telling about the wrongs of the past is necessary for reconciliation. The Warrigal Creek Massacre on Vimeo. [10], When the squatters began occupying Kurnai territory with their herds of sheep and cattle, conflict soon followed. Peter Gardner[1]. This documentary was made by university journalism students and staff. Among the most shocking is the Jack Smith massacre (Warrigal Creek, Victoria) in 1843, where about 150-170 Brataualang people were killed over 5 days in retaliation for the killing of one single personRonald Macalister, the nephew of a local squatter. At the end of 1845, Tyers wrote a follow-up report stating: since the return of the Native Police to Head Quarters the depredations of the Aborigines of the District on the property of the Settlers, including horses as well as horned stock, have increased to an alarming extentand that I cannot at present suggest any other means of prevention, than the continuing service of the Native Police.[27]. startxref 0000024227 00000 n Convicts were present in the early years of settlement in Gippsland in two very different ways: first, as the slave labour of the squatters, and second, as escapees congregated around Alberton. We acknowledge that in our past, as in most nations, bad things have happened. bHn=Y,8M*[+GwXfi1^yn}vSuvA@pN. Here are some resources for further research. Gardners method in telling the story is to first present the massacre and McMillans involvement as matters of fact. While we are not personally responsible we continue to live different experiences from these events; some of privilege, some of disadvantage, some unknowing. There is now a documentary on the Warrigal Creek Massacre, near Woodside, north of Yarram. The Warrigal Creek Massacre of 1843 was another despicable act of violence. Warrigal Creek Massacre: A Truth-telling Documentary. He has attached his own assertions to his source material without distinguishing between them, and these assertions are made without proof or explanation. Despite these obvious failings, a legion of dittographers in academia and the media have slavishly repeated and amplified this apocrypha without exposing its errors and falsehoods, or questioning its underlying assertions and lack of evidence. Gardner omitted a part of the quote that indicates Hatcher travelled to Gippsland with a man named Bennett. We were hearing the stories all the time, especially when we were near the places or going past somewhere, my mum would always say, Over that way. Shed point the finger and say, Dont go that way. "qd]^vc'OontVsl Howitt noted that the Kurnai killed by the Europeans were mostly, though not all, fighting men of the tribe. [42] Elsewhere he states that Hoddinotts desire to remain anonymous would seem to indicate that the telling of the story may have had undesirable repercussions. 0000015443 00000 n from A documentary was made in 2018 and a federal electorate was renamed that year to remove the legacy of Angus McMillan, the alleged instigator, who is otherwise remembered as an explorer, squatter, MP and Protector of Aborigines. Bells account and the report of the massacre involving the Native Police in April 1845 can be found by simple searches on Trove. 12 Nous et nos partenaires utilisons des cookies et des outils similaires afin d'assurer le bon fonctionnement de nos services, d'amliorer la fonctionnalit de notre site Web, de comprendre comment les visiteurs utilisent nos services afin que nous puissions amliorer nos performances, et des fins . 0000002903 00000 n Convicts were entitled to a daily ration of fresh meat, as were the military and the civilian authorities. One man was killed with thirteen spears, his body was mutilated, and his arms and legs were removedthe Kurnai were cannibals. y]\lt`(+WT5[y&Z}_~PbEH/XFN4Kz+Vb)44BQ?Zh*Y Eo4/xhJk In Through Foreign Eyes, Gardner quoted the journal of William Thomas, the Assistant Protector of Aborigines. <<6C2049F009130640B9B98E7F057F832E>]/Prev 1164416/XRefStm 1766>> Warrigal Creek Massacre is within the scope of WikiProject Australia, which aims to improve Wikipedia's coverage of Australia and Australia-related topics. First, using the information Gardner misinterpreted, rejected or missed in Thomas, Dunderdale and Bell, we must accept the possibility or even the probability that an atrocity took place somewhere. In July 1843, up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were killed near the banks of what is now known as Warrigal Creek. Continue here for the tools you already love, but be sure to explore everything else Some of the tale also bears a resemblance to accounts of the Hospital Creek massacre in New South Wales that emerged between 1911 and 1919, in which the survivor was a one-eyed Aborigine. [4] Howitts pioneering anthropological work is compelling reading and provides a suitable counter to many modern narratives. 0001003043 00000 n She worries Australia is still not ready to listen. Part III: Other Versions of the Massacre Story. 0000024998 00000 n The next day, while on horseback, he was speared through the neck from behind. The arrival of the Europeans changed the dynamics of this conflict with the introduction of firearms and the formation of the Native Police. << /Length 17 0 R /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 293 /Height 146 /Interpolate 0000014051 00000 n The question posed at the start of this article was whether Gardners Warrigal Creek massacre story should be seen as historical fact or an apocryphal tale. 0000024560 00000 n This included five in the Border Police, one of whom held a ticket-of-leave. 0000117321 00000 n [13], The squatting runs were large tracts of unfenced landMacalister had 100 square mileswhere livestock was left in charge of shepherds and hut keepers whose job it was to tend the livestock and prevent it from straying. [6], In contrast, there is an implicit assumption in Gardners work that the Kurnai were passive victims of European violence, but this does not do them justice. [50] This raises two issues: first, this is a fallacious misuse of the material; Hatcher said the bones might be gathered uphis might be has transmogrified into Gardners were. To date, there is nothing to suggest that it will include Angus McMillan leading the Charge of the Highland Brigade. While the murder was well documented in contemporary newspaper accounts, the reports also indicate that by mid-1843, Gippsland was in a state of disarray. They proposed a different name: Bunjileene-Purrine. Host virtual events and webinars to increase engagement and generate leads. First though, it is necessary to establish the circumstances that led to the European settlement of Gippsland and the resulting conflict with the indigenous Kurnai people, which is the root of the massacre story. At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. Our history group (Morwell U3A) are having trouble trying to track this documentary down. An unexpected error occurred. Gardner says this was almost certainly McMillan of Nuntin and that Dunderdale was mistaken as the person he was most likely referring to was McMillan of Bushy Park. And forward if you like. The murder of Ranald Macalister may have been the pretext for an attack on the Kurnai at Warrigal Creek or Gammon Creek but this is not borne out by the contemporary historical record. share events with your friends and make the most out of every experience. Much has been written about the massacre of Aboriginal people that is believed to have occurred at Warrigal Creek in Gippsland in 1843. [54] Meyrick arrived in Gippsland in 1845 so he was not a witness to anything before that date. 0000020559 00000 n [59] McMillans Bushy Park run was on the eastern side of the Avon. In October that year, ninety-seven Kurnai warriors made a revenge raid into Bunurong territory. [38], I knew two blacks who, though wounded, came out of that hole alive. { L{ c$Nb`6`4` ` DwG'g5A$Y&e&i 64*6Cs!k >/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[7 84]/Length 22/Size 91/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream 0000885516 00000 n Oh how I wished I had written down the stories my grandmother used to regale us with. It really hadnt happened before and it just was not even acknowledged or recognised.. /TT4 13 0 R /TT6 15 0 R /TT1 10 0 R >> /XObject << /Im2 16 0 R /Im3 18 0 R 5 0 obj Presumably he had reasons for both, but he did not say why and he did not reveal the source of his information. In July 1844 he wrote, I regret however to observe that the depredations of the Aborigines continue and that the small police force at my disposal is inadequate to put a stop to them. He went on to describe how the natives have been very troublesome, killing 90 head of cattle belonging to Mr Sparks, at various times, and many belonging to Mr Jones. Rather, his involvement is presented as a fait accompli. [34] How left is open to interpretation given that his third book, Our Murdering Founding Father (a diatribe against McMillan), begins with the property is theft quote from the nineteenth-century anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. 6az Q";cM;|?)/ Bg~VK7QVK_6 +K}\\&h"DmWK+^>Pnu"8H8@sF1jO-@g?XjGs=2]v'x9y[6p X &.-Yl;;]+/[r=w(\QwG SDB?#86mXpqrOzX\R++QkEfz75Br,=t'F4_]Ug@dNq{":Q7 &DvB )vBqKwbm%aM!._aiaekE)hc_9lujzR10IrR--6HWXSA[Wd{DS#~}wDvenr,rFU-}aOe(d}b 0000005571 00000 n 0000020901 00000 n In his first notes [in the 1970s], he talks about the massacre and, from the beginning of my time here, no one ever kept a blanket over the story. On the 13th ultimo, Mr. Ronald McAlister was removing his sheep station about two miles from the settlement, when he was attacked by the blacks and murdered; his body was found the following day by a native in his employ. Rather than pursuing plaques or western versions of reconciliation, as Irving puts it, the Gunaikurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation and the Bunurong Land Council put their energies into changing the name of their local electorate, which was named after McMillan. endstream 2 0 obj His words continue to have influence and have provided a convenient but misplaced source of outrageand how does the community benefit from having negative sentiments engendered on a false premise? 0000002096 00000 n He wrote a number of reports on the state of Gippsland to his superior, Charles La Trobe, the Superintendent of the Port Phillip District. Establishing the factual basis of this will require in-depth research to uncover any written evidence before Bells account from 1874, as well as archaeological evidence at locations such as Bruthen Creek and Bundalaguah Swamp. The La Trobe Journal, 86, 23-36. 0000030150 00000 n My late husbands family had owned the property since the late 1880s and my father-in-law was a very passionate historian, she says. I think the first thing for Gippsland is to acknowledge that it does have that history, like other places where bad things have happened, where massacres have occurred, where theres some acknowledgement of whats occurred instead of masking it, a Gurnaikurnai elder, Doris Paton, told the film-makers Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. Perhaps the most apt way to name these outrageous and brutal occurrences is that they be called after the man who organised and perpetrated them: Angus McMillan. External Lived Experience Employment Opportunities, Complete the VMIAC Conference 2023 Survey, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 17.02.2023, New Consumer Register Opportunity: Access Policy & Triage Guidelines, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 03.02.2023, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 20.01.2023. 4 0 obj %PDF-1.5 HLWKf_e|~JD,@K&HSU}t?nO?7OWO?zW_/Vew}V53VfyKwVh{OM5{=+JUwPfQ}-nXY34lMXGz+{? 4 0 obj 0000115891 00000 n I knew two blacks, who though wounded came out of the hole alive. The Warrigal Creek Massacre | About the film When Angus McMillian and the Highland Brigade rode through Gippsland in 1843, they aimed to murder as many Gunai Kurnai children, women and men as they could. Historical. According to Gardner, the Warrigal Creek massacre was revenge for his murder. Around 60 Indigenous Australians were killed, and many more were wounded. the Warrigal Creek massacre - possibly even a participant in it 10. Power your marketing strategy with perfectly branded videos to drive better ROI. These stories contain the earliest known account of a massacre as revenge for the death of Macalister. In July 1843, a European named Ronald Macalister was killed by First Nations men near Port Albert, in Victoria. This implied that the other four police were assigned servants, or white slaves, as John Pascoe Fawkner, the editor of the Port Phillip Patriot and a fierce critic of the convict system, called them. [6] It's an atrocity which historians found fitting the criteria of 'genocidal massacre.' [3] [2], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}374014S 1463957E / 37.67056S 146.66583E / -37.67056; 146.66583, Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 01:43, List of massacres of Indigenous Australians, "Victoria's Deadly & Proud campaign remembers Indigenous victims of Warrigal Creek massacre in South Gippsland", "Living on a massacre site: home truths and trauma at Warrigal Creek", "Victoria to introduce Australia's first truth-telling process to address Indigenous injustices", "Victoria to establish truth and justice process as part of Aboriginal treaty process", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warrigal_Creek_Massacre&oldid=1141638012, "The Settling of Gippsland - A Regional History", by Patrick Morgan, published by Gippsland Municipalities Association, Traralgon, 1997. The region had descended rapidly into crime and violence in the absence of any government authority. Gardner cites this version to confirm that Gippslander was in fact Hoddinott but he does not mention that the two versions contain a number of significant differences. [9], With an overland route opened by McMillan and a rudimentary settlement and port established on the Albert River at Port Albert, squatters began occupying the plains; by the end of 1844, the entire Gippsland squatting district had been occupied. A second version of Hoddinotts story was published in the Gippsland Times and Bairnsdale Advertiser in 1940. Warrigal Creek Massacre Documentary This documentary will be shown at the Regent Theatre in Yarram on 10 July at 7.30pm during Naidoc Week. The Scottish colonist and pastoralist, Angus McMillan, led a group of around 20 colonists to attack and kill several groups of Aboriginal people across a number of days. Thomas wrote in April 1845: He said he and another man had come unarmed from Gippsland. As Bell indicates the early 1840s certainly were . This is a 50 minute documentary and is being held on Wednesday 5 December. 0000002733 00000 n Tyerss Convict Return for 1844 shows that convict labour was an integral part of the squatter economy. Establishing this will entail the evaluation of all historical themes and not rejecting or ignoring evidence because it does not fit a preconceived narrative. Peter Gardner has written three books in which he asserts that Angus McMillan, The Butcher of Gippsland, was responsible for several massacres of Kurnai people. Intertribal warfare was endemic in the region with raid and counter raid where men, women and children were slaughtered as they slept, and then eaten. << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R [11] Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1843, p.2, [13] Port Phillip Patriot 23 December 1841, p. 3, [15] Fels, Marie Hansen (2010) I Succeeded Once: The Aboriginal Protectorate on the Mornington Peninsula 1839-1840 , ANU E-Press, pp 249-271, [16] See also: George Henry Haydon (1846) Five Years Experience in Australia Felix pp151-152 (on-line edition), [17] Port Phillip Gazette 30 April 1845 p.2, [18] Gardner, P D (2005) The Myth of Tribal Warfare On-line essay, [20] Geelong Advertiser 5 August 1843, p.2, [21] Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1843, p.2. ktp33#`r[vhJ hR,t%434qrZQ7z % It was, of course, impossible to identify any blackfellow concerned in the outrage, and therefore atonement must be made by the tribe. We are here to help! In 1845, Tyers reported on the Aborigines, stating: In the early part of 1843as I have been informed, some of the Corner Inlet tribe were occasionally employed by the few Settlers at Port Albert in carrying fire wood and in other light work for which they generally received payment in flour & cbut since the unprovoked murder of Mr Ronald Macalister by them at Port Albert, about that time, they have not been seen in the neighbourhood. 8 /Filter /FlateDecode >> No reason was given for the murder. hbbbd`b`` K Fri., 27 May 20225:00 pm 8:30 pm AEST, Siteworks Workroom 233 Saxon StreetBrunswick, VIC 3056. qgAHrgAX8]eAVi a"0Uc|sQ d$uIOrE&n2"c,%$qHFWpTWn>!bB):I\PhE17 Most importantly, it does not say whereif Hatchers account is reliable, he was clearly not speaking about Warrigal Creek. e8 m-T>6R'WrqPWUVe)0'Yn1UF]2|SOWS)^h|6xy. The squatters were no doubt imbued with the belief that they had the right to do so on the authority of the British Crown, which claimed sovereignty over the entire continent. When Angus McMillian and the Highland Brigade rode through Gippsland in 1843, they aimed to murder as many Gunai Kurnai children, women and men as they could. Produced and directed by Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. % [52] There could not have been a cover-up if human remains were still visible after their arrivals. Account of their journey, which he did not was found the next day by Aboriginal... Participant in it 10 another despicable act of violence a cover-up if human remains were still visible after arrivals... The `` Highland Brigade '' were wounded fact, as were the military the! Habits have received no check. [ 39 ] < > Truth-telling about the massacre.... Directed by Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye his own assertions to his source material without between. 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