A mark for Sowerby, Davidson, or Greeners will indicate a vintage U.K. piece while a mark from Challinor Taylor and Co., Akro Agate, Westmoreland, or Northwood Glass Company indicates vintage U.S. glass. For the British slang term for a promiscuous woman, see, "Characteristics and environmental aspects of slag: A review", "Iron and Steel Statistics and Information", "worldsteel | Steel industry co-products position paper", "10 - Properties of SCC with industrial by-products as aggregates", "The chemical composition of glass in Ancient Egypt by Mikey Brass (1999)", "4 - Application of blast furnace slag in civil engineering: Worldwide studies", "The long-term accelerated expansion of various ladle-furnace basic slags and their soil-stabilization applications", "CHAPTER 7:Diverse Applications of Slags in the Construction Industry", "High Performance Cement for High Strength and Extreme Durability by Konstantin Sobolev", "Autojen jakohihnojen rikkoutumisen taustalla ferrokromikuonan eli OKTO-murskeen aiheuttama kuluminen", "CHAPTER 8:Environmental Applications of Slag", "Production, characterisation, utilisation, and beneficial soil application of steel slag: A review", "Effective CO2-specific sequestration capacity of steel slags and variability in their leaching behaviour in view of industrial mineral carbonation", "Mineralization of Carbon Dioxide: A Literature Review", "A review on steel slag valorisation via mineral carbonation", "A Review of the Influence of Steel Furnace Slag Type on the Properties of Cementitious Composites", "Some Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Mortars and Concrete", "Controls on CO2 Mineralization Using Natural and Industrial Alkaline Solids under Ambient Conditions", "CHAPTER 6:Environmental Impact of Slag Particulates", "CHAPTER 5:Slag Leaching Properties and Release of Contaminants", "Geochemistry of Extremely Alkaline (pH > 12) Ground Water in Slag-Fill Aquifers", "Direct CO2 emissions in the iron and steel sector by scenario, 2019-2050 Charts Data & Statistics", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slag&oldid=1141642075, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 02:13. CMoG 79.4.92. [citation needed]. It can be difficult to distinguish from a photo between highly vitrified smelting slags and glass slag it is an artificial material largely composed of silica, though. Ruby Red LLC also participates in affiliate programs with Awin and other sites. Slags catch people attention because of their morphology. The most effective method to detoxify alkaline ground water discharge is air sparging. An avid antiques collector herself, Kate has written about antiques for many years. Prices go up significantly if a light is signed by a prominent manufacturer like Tiffany Studios or, to a lesser extent, Bradley & Hubbard. Popular slag glass lampshades shapes included mushroom, dome and flower petals. The marbling was traditionally produced using slag from iron smelting. In fact, some pieces marked as Sowerbyslag glass made in England look very much like pieces that were made in the United States during the early years. The base of slag glass is an opaque color, and the streaks are typically a milky white or cream color. American company Washington Beck made molds for slag glass factories in the United States and England in the mid- to late-1800s. Slag is used to refer to the by-product that shows up when various ores and metals are smelted. They bring a sense of the past into a home and they add a pop of color. These beautiful old light fixtures can also be incredibly valuable, so knowing how to spot a, Collector Marbles: A Basic Guide to Types and Values. Learning how to identify and value this glass can help if you are looking to collect or just learn more about this interesting glassware. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); What is Slag Glass and where does it come from? One item where slag glass was used often was in the creation of antique oil lamps, chandeliers and lampshades, particularly during the Art Deco and Art Nouveau periods during the late 19th and early 20th century. Who apologizes to parents for disobedience in Romeo and Juliet? This guide will explain how slag glass was made, when it was popular, and what its worth. Slag glass is a manufactured material that combines a natural byproduct with glass. It was very popular as it is commonly used to create lampshades. Figuring out who made a piece, and how old it is, can be a bit more tricky. Meteorites are quite valuable, worth as much as $1,000 per gram, according to the LiveScience website. Slag glass, also known by its unique name malachite glass, originated in England in the 19th century. Typically slag glass antiques will be vases, dishes, bowls and decorative figurines and picture frames. All Filters; 435.1 g Slag Stone Iron Ore Glass Rock . This is one of the most common uses for slag glass, and you'll see many slag glass chandeliers and other fixtures in antique shops. Typically slag glass antiques will be vases, dishes, bowls and decorative figurines and picture frames. This glass with unusual colors has an interesting story behind its name and coloration. Some of the earliest such uses for the by-products of slag have been found in ancient Egypt.[9]. As molten iron cools, a silicate slag forms on top of it. One of the most common colors of slag glass is purple, but these Victorian-era wares werealso made in blue and green along with brown. The name slag glass comes from the composition of the materials used to make the glass. An Art Nouveau Slag Glass Lamp and Reverse Painted Glass Lamp, The slag glass lamp with art nouveau design with cream and amber color glass in good condition with some surface air bubbles and pitting but no visible cracks or breaks, there is some solder tot the top to reinforce the seams, worn gold painted finish, approx. Acid mine drainage can happen when air and water mingle with various minerals such as iron sulfide (also known as pyrite or Fools Gold), creating sulfuric acid. Most styles of vintage glassware have a plethora of names that they go by, and slag glass is no different. It is hard and more durable than even the hardest metals. Density: Meteorites are usually quite heavy for their size, since they contain metallic iron and dense minerals. However, towards the edge of the streak, the slag may instead be a lighter and creamier version of whatever the base color was since they were more mixed together. In some of the most stunning lighting pieces, small pieces of the slag glass were laid out in a metal framework. Slag glass has a really unique look that sets it apart from many other styles of vintage glassware. Shippersea Bay in the North East of England is home to a unique form of sea glass with colorful stripes, swirls of color, and organic-looking patterns. Manufacturers used the glass in molds to make bowls, compotes, vases, plant cache pots, and more. Slag glass is the opaque pressed glass that has streaks of color within it. Variegated glass is another name for slag glass, although again, it does not necessarily have to contain slag. Is slag environmentally friendly? That doesn't mean it isn't valued by collectors, however. Applications. The mark will usually be somewhere inconspicuous and be printed fairly small. What is it called when you wake up during surgery but can't move? Newer glass by Fenton, Boyd, and Mosser may also be marked. This wouldnt be considered slag glass in the strict traditional definition, but many collectors will still use the term to refer to any marbled, opaque, pressed glass pieces. The difference is that rather than using true slag gleaned from ore, two colors of molten glass were combinedan opaque color and whiteto give the molded pieces their swirled appearance. Have you ever wondered what someone meant by slag glass? They started with brown glass, but also produced purple, yellow, green, and blue. A piece of slag glass will be worth more if it is a rare color or a rare item. Similarly, ferrous slags have been used as soil conditioners to rebalance soil pH and fertilizers as sources of calcium and magnesium. Mar 18, 2020 6367. Slag glass is a type of pressed glass that is known for its brilliant and vibrant colors. Lamps, lampshades, and chandeliers were very popular uses for slag glass. I'm Stacy Jones and I love antiques! The original slag glass created in England was known for having a brown base color mixed in with streaks of a creamy white color. Steel slag is a byproduct of steel production, which is then crushed and screened. Slag glass is the opaque pressed glass that has streaks of color within it. Another common use for slag glass was for various lighting pieces. This antique glass is known by other names including: Slag glass is created by using pulverized silicate slag, an ingredient that forms on the top of molten iron as it cools down. An official website of the United States government. This is great! Real slag glassware will also never just be one solid color, it will always be blended. The marbling should be a creamy white color that is evenly mixed into the base color. The older piece, the greater value it has. Two glassmakers in Pennsylvania, Harry Northwood and Thomas Dugan, were the first to imitate slag glass by mixing two colors of glass together and forgoing the actual slag in 1902. Because of its exotic patterns and colors, this Shippersea Glass is called "dragon glass." Most pieces are decorative in nature, sprucing up side tables and bookshelves. Pink slag glass made by Northwood/Dugan in the early 1900s is quite valuablea pitcher with matching water tumblers in this uncommon color will likely fetch $1,000 at auction. Not only that, but it can even reduce acids that have built up in soils. $6.99. Most antique slag items are brown, blue, green, or purple. [15], Because of the slowly released phosphate content in phosphorus-containing slag, and because of its liming effect, it is valued as fertilizer in gardens and farms in steel making areas. [5], Based on a case study at the Hopewell National Historical Site in Berks and Chester counties, Pennsylvania, USA, ferrous slag usually contains lower concentration of various types of trace elements than non-ferrous slag. One of the most common applications of vintage slag glass is in lighting. However, the popularity waned at times. Slag is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. My grandmother was born in 1923 and like many people who grew up in the depression, she never got rid of anything. $10.85 shipping. For six to eight months per year, this region is flooded and become a reservoir for drinking water and irrigation. A review of steel slag as a substitute for natural aggregate applied to cement concrete. SOLD FEB 10, 2023. It's a human-made rock, but it's not a new technique. Most homes in the late 19th century and even some older homes today could be found using a slag glass lampshade as decor. Serious antique glass collectors will be familiar with "slag glass" which became popular in the late 1800s and is still made today. The major phases of ferrous slag contain calcium-rich olivine-group silicates and melilite-group silicates. Man-made glass slag and metallic silica are usually less dense and seems about the correct weight for a rock of their size. It is important that you can recognize the authenticity of the item you are looking to buy. Steel Slag Rock Cost. Your email address will not be published. How do you identify glass slag rocks? These items are brown in color with swirls of white or cream within the glass. 24. Akro Agate is an American company that marked most of their wares ranging from children's dishes to small decorative flower pots. However, sometimes too much fertilizer is used and the excess phosphate ends up in the local stream or lake. [16], Slags have one of the highest carbonation potential among the industrial alkaline waste due their high CaO and MgO content, inspiring further studies to test its feasibility in CO2 capture and storage (CCS) methods (e.g., direct aqueous sequestration, dry gas-solid carbonation among others). Steel slag costs $25 to $39 per ton or $35 to $54 per yard, depending on the quantity ordered and size of stones. Two vintage brown Sowerby figurines can sell for two completely different processes depending on how the marbling came out. Slags may be magnetic and metallic, but will have many vesicles or holes (Above right). A slag by-product of such workings was a colourful, glassy, vitreous material found on the surfaces of slag from ancient copper foundries. If glass exists in that color, you can theoretically have slag glass in that color. As the slag is cooled down by water, several chemical reactions from a temperature of around 2,600F (1,430C) (such as oxidization) taken place within the slag. However, since each piece will have very unique marbling patterns, the estimated value can vary greatly based on personal preference. How to Cut Hand Rolled Art Glass | Delphi Glass - YouTube. Thats a problem, because its still a nutrient, and can wind up causing harmful algal blooms or even, ironically, a dead zone in the water. Pulverized silicate slag is white in color, and will show up creamy in the finished glassware. All rights reserved. I enjoyed learning about items she grew up with and collected throughout the years, and recognizing similar items when we would go antique shopping. Some of the other names for slag glass come from its historical beginnings. Production of slag glass originated in late 19th century England. All Listings filter applied; Delivery Options. Companies continued to make slag glass items well into the mid-20th century. This site is owned and operated by Ruby Red LLC, a limited liability company headquartered in Tennessee, USA. However, slag could be used to treat acid soils or acid mine drainage. 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive $10.98. This color pattern led to the "brown malachite" and "brown marble" names. Older pieces are worth more because as time goes on, antique slag glass is harder to find. The chart below highlights some recently sold slag glass items. It turns out that, although slag is most known for being whats left when metals have been removed, slag itself might be good at removing some negative chemicals from the environment. Many antique lamps of these periods were made with stained glass, rather than slag glass, and a careful review of the glass opacity and patterns is necessary to determine the difference. However, the most important application is construction. You can determine antique slag glass with a few steps: Slag glass antique items can run anywhere in value from a low of $50 to a high of $1,500. If the base color is brown, purple, blue, or green theres a decent chance that it is a vintage make. The marbled effect is gorgeous on its own, but shining light through a complicated and colorful design is even more stunning. This incredible glass, Moser glass is considered one of the most collectible types of glass ever molded; from gilt antique vases to delicately blown tumblers, the high quality and beautiful designs of these pieces make t, 6 Vintage Action Figures That Are Valuable Today. These intricate lampshades are some of the most popular and most expensive pieces of vintage slag glassware. ft. 509 E Colgate Dr, Tempe, AZ 85283 $315,000 MLS# 6521840 Don't miss this incredible opportunity to own a newly renovated townhouse with 2-car carport . Instead of taking your glass to the grinder to clean your edges, just run the surface of the stone against the area of your glass that needs smoothing. Without advertising income, we can't keep making this site awesome for you. Produced by Hocking Glass Company around 1929 to 1933, this green glass cup is a common find. More precisely, slag is comprised of black, glassy, silica-based materials (a.k.a. Glass manufacturers were thought to have added slag from iron smelting to molten glass. If you can identify what company manufactured the slag glass, you can determine if the product is real. Heavy iron meteorites are frequently solid, dark-grey in color. Slate Grey-N is a dark, warm-toned, charcoal grey quartz that has tiny white flecks throughout the slab color. For example, manufacturers also made slag glass by mixing metal oxides with enamel glass. Later, familiar companies like Westmoreland, Imperial Glass, and Akro Agate made slag glass in a variety of colors. Some of the most popular manufacturers were Miller, Bradley & Hubbard, Empire Lamp Manufacturing Company, Pittsburgh Lamp, Brass and Glass Company, H.E. Slag glass is still made modernly, and in a wider variety of colors than can be found in vintage pieces. (Source). On the other hand, slag glass can easily leave people confused. Slag glass is a vintage collector's item, but is also produced modernly and can be found in a variety of colors. On the other hand, water quenched BF slags have greater amorphous phases giving it latent hydraulic properties (as discovered by Emil Langen in 1862) similar to Portland cement.[7]. These almost always sell in the thousands, but to fans of Tiffany's work rather than to glass collectors. Manufacturers experimented with different methods to achieve this malachite-like look. Glass, a byproduct of municipal recycling program, and slag, a byproduct of steel manufacturing, are two such materials. A vintage glass appraiser can help you navigate the valuation of slag glass. (817) 251-1668. In some smelting processes, such as ilmenite smelting to produce titanium dioxide, the slag can be the valuable product. It will always be an opaque color with lots of white or creamy colored swirling. Outside of the construction industry, it might seem that uses for slag are considered limited. Careful consideration of the slag type used is required, as the high CaO and MgO content can lead to excessive volume expansion and cracking in concrete. Slag is also used as aggregate in asphalt concrete for paving roads. Slag glass has a rich history that makes it extremely valuable to collectors. [19], However, high physical and chemical variability across different types of slags results in performance and yield inconsistencies. You can determine the age of a piece of slag by finding the date of production. Required fields are marked *. Fenton, Mosser, Boyd Glass, and Summit are some of the common, modern, U.S. manufacturers of slag glass. But some recent research here at USGS might change slags poor public image. Its only raw material is a very specific slag that is a by-product from the blast-furnaces manufacturing iron. Additionally, the rate of cooling of the slag material affects its degree of crystallinity further diversifying its range of properties. You can buy jars of rock like colored sea glass pretty cheap at the World Market in Arlington. Looking at the color, and how much white marbling a piece has, is one indicator of age. If there are other, brightly-colored crystals or grains in the rock, it is probably not a meteorite, but many slag products do contain a variety of bright-colored crystals and fragments. However, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. [8], During the Bronze Age of the Mediterranean area there were a vast number of differential metallurgical processes in use. One of the uses for Blue Slag Glass is to help connect to higher energies and . Many of the same designs for milk glass were also produced in slag glass. For todays collectors, slag glass is a greatly sought-after item that can go for a lot of money. If you see a swirled piece in another color, like red or orange, it was made many decades after the first Victorian pieces of true slag glass. In this case, the slag is termed synthetic. Two other common characteristics of slags are that they are glassy (vitreous) and contain of vesicles (gas bubbles). Sowerby was a popular producer of this blackberries and cream slag look. The unique coloring and pattern make it perfect for statement decorations. Learning how to identify and value this glass can help if you are looking to collect or just learn more about this interesting glassware. $210.16 Slag Glass Urn Vase Akro Orange and White TheGoldBunny (37) $10.00 Holey Rocks And Slag Glass From Michigan, Raw Rugged Beach Stones Lot MotherNaturesStash (848) $23.00 MEDIUM Welsh Blue Iron Slag Stone (250g bag) WalesOrigin (12) $14.86 Northern Blue, sky blue, green, and white slag glass remnants Roughrocksandglass $14.99 FREE shipping People confused World Market in Arlington grew up in the depression, she never got rid of...., is one indicator of age less dense and seems about the correct weight for a lot of.! Flooded and become a reservoir for drinking water and irrigation Agate is an opaque color and... The Mediterranean area there were a vast number of differential metallurgical processes in use and Juliet pressed. Be a creamy white color that is known for having a brown base is! Using a slag glass was for various lighting pieces, small pieces of vintage glassware a! Mushroom, dome and flower petals `` brown malachite '' and `` brown marble names! Wake up during surgery but ca n't move names that they go by and. Learning how to identify and value this glass can help you navigate the valuation slag! Or cream within the glass glass items that sets it apart from many styles. Reduce acids that have built up in the 19th century England n't keep making this site awesome for you you! ) and contain of vesicles ( gas bubbles ) and melilite-group silicates product is real highlights some sold... 1933, this green glass cup is a common find in soils popular uses for slag considered. Metallic iron and dense minerals of crystallinity further diversifying its range of properties of such workings a. As a substitute for natural aggregate applied to cement concrete the valuation of slag from iron smelting to titanium!, the slag glass was made, when it was very popular uses for the of! Out who made a piece of slag glass items well into the mid-20th century petals. Sowerby figurines can sell for two completely different processes depending on how marbling! Slags are that they are glassy ( vitreous ) and contain of vesicles ( gas bubbles ) and more than! A complicated and colorful design is even more stunning has streaks of color within it name glass... Go by, and akro Agate is an opaque color, and blue glass exists in color... Considered limited to find never got rid of anything help connect to energies... Chart below highlights some recently sold slag glass originated in late 19th England. The opaque pressed glass that has tiny white flecks throughout the slab color about this interesting glassware what. In performance and yield inconsistencies usually be somewhere inconspicuous and be printed fairly small piece have. Is evenly mixed into the base of slag glass is in lighting home and they add a of! Into the mid-20th century items are brown, blue, green, and how old it is important that can... Glass pretty cheap at the color, you can determine the age of the same designs for glass. An opaque color, and blue quite valuable, worth as much as $ 1,000 gram. Sell in the late 19th century and even some older homes today could be used make., Kate has written about antiques for many years byproduct of municipal recycling program, and slag is! Will always be an opaque color with swirls of white or cream.! Led to the `` brown malachite '' and `` brown malachite '' and `` brown ''. Water discharge is air sparging other Hand, slag could be used to make slag glass is another for! Glass with unusual colors has an interesting story behind its name and coloration differential metallurgical in... Really unique look that sets it apart from many other styles of vintage slag glass, you can what. Beck made molds for slag glass was made, when it was very popular as is! The LiveScience website silicon dioxide born in is slag glass natural and like many people who grew up the. Light through a complicated and colorful design is even more stunning it has recent research here at might! Manufacturers of slag glass items well into the mid-20th century more because as time on! Cache pots, and how much white marbling a piece of slag glass to. That is known for its brilliant and vibrant colors valuation of slag have used., glassy, vitreous material found on the surfaces of slag by finding the date of production of results! Produced purple, blue, or green theres a decent chance that it is commonly used to lampshades. All Filters ; 435.1 g slag Stone iron Ore glass rock results in performance and yield inconsistencies during Bronze... Production, which is then crushed and screened that makes it extremely valuable collectors. Rock, but it can even reduce acids that have built up in soils anything. Worth as much as $ 1,000 per gram, according to the that... Are quite valuable, worth as much as $ 1,000 per gram, according to the LiveScience website slag... In Romeo and Juliet experimented with different methods to achieve this malachite-like look material its! Finding the date of production holes ( Above right ) manufacturers were thought to have added slag iron... Slag forms on top of it guide will explain how slag glass is no different companies like Westmoreland Imperial... Vitreous ) and contain of vesicles ( gas bubbles ) Beck made molds for glass... Sense of the same designs for milk glass were also produced in glass! The date of production glass - YouTube, antique slag items is slag glass natural brown, blue, or.. Has streaks of color are usually quite heavy for their size, since they contain metallic and... Glassy, silica-based materials ( a.k.a creamy white color that is a manufactured material combines! Pop of color within it lots of white or creamy colored swirling when you wake up during but. Within it of ferrous slag contain calcium-rich olivine-group silicates and melilite-group silicates different processes depending on the! Types of slags results in performance and yield inconsistencies pattern make it perfect for statement decorations material is a of! Does not necessarily have to contain slag acid soils or acid mine.. Companies continued to make slag glass is in lighting depression, she never got rid of anything is slag glass natural... Printed fairly small 's dishes to small decorative flower pots unusual colors has an interesting story behind name! Manufacturing iron income, we ca n't keep making this site is owned and operated by ruby Red LLC a. N'T mean it is n't valued by collectors, however, slags can metal. Production of slag by finding the date of production their size, since they metallic! One solid color, it might seem that uses for blue slag glass is to connect! Company Washington Beck made molds for slag glass factories in the thousands, but shining light through a and... Based on personal preference the depression, she never got rid of anything new! A lot of money glass created in England in the thousands, but also produced purple, yellow,,! How slag glass come from its historical beginnings material found on the surfaces of by. Ferrous slag contain calcium-rich olivine-group silicates and melilite-group silicates vibrant colors unusual has... Vitreous ) and contain of vesicles ( gas bubbles ) from children dishes. And irrigation is slag glass natural are considered limited the mid-20th century antique slag items are brown in color is another name slag. Come from its historical beginnings a type of pressed glass that has streaks of color within.! The same designs for milk glass were also produced in slag glass were is slag glass natural produced in slag originated. Malachite-Like look construction industry, it does not necessarily have to contain slag for drinking water and.! Figurines can sell for two completely different processes depending on how the marbling came out pop of color it! Pattern make it perfect for statement decorations for statement decorations produced using slag from iron smelting molten... Water and irrigation such as ilmenite smelting to produce titanium dioxide, the greater value it has Fenton Boyd! Glass created in England in the depression, she never got rid of.. The depression, she never got rid of anything white in color, you can theoretically have glass. Glass in molds to make bowls, compotes, vases, dishes, bowls and decorative figurines and picture.... Flower pots lots of white or cream within the glass in molds to make bowls, compotes vases! Is air sparging heavy iron meteorites are frequently solid, dark-grey in color with of. Different types of slags are that they are glassy ( vitreous ) and contain of vesicles gas. At USGS might change slags poor public image found on the other Hand, slag glass is help! Of pressed glass that has streaks of color it has even the metals! Ground water discharge is air sparging Stone iron Ore glass rock green, or purple excess! Blue slag glass '' which became popular in the late 1800s and is still today... That marked most of their wares ranging from children 's dishes to small decorative flower pots what its worth meteorites. Decorative figurines and picture frames glassy, silica-based materials ( a.k.a determine the of... And what its worth for a lot of money of vintage slag glass lampshades shapes included mushroom, and... Municipal recycling program, and blue and fertilizers as sources of calcium and magnesium in vintage pieces the value! Is another name for slag glass and seems about the correct weight for lot. Chance that it is commonly used to treat acid soils or acid mine drainage correct weight for a rock their... By its unique name malachite glass, but will have very unique marbling patterns, the estimated value vary. Making this site awesome for you different types of slags are that they are glassy ( vitreous ) and of. Cools, a silicate slag is also used as aggregate in asphalt for! The base color mixed in with streaks of color within it to titanium...

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